arXiv research

This paper attempts to relate some ideas of Grothendieck in his Esquisse d'un programme and some of the recent results on 2-dimensional topology and geometry. Especially, we shall discuss the Teichmüller theory, the mapping class groups, $SL(2, \bold C)$ representation variety of surface groups, and Thurston's theory o…

This paper classifies superintegrable systems on 2D geometries with projective symmetries.

Study optimizes submatrices in 2D spaces, linking to polygon geometry.

Solves a problem for 2D Finsler manifolds, leaving higher dimensions open.

Proves existence and regularity of energy-minimizing maps between ideal hyperbolic simplicial complexes.

The split version of the Freudenthal-Tits magic square stems from Lie theory and constructs a Lie algebra starting from two split composition algebras [3, 17, 18]. The geometries appearing in the second row are Severi-Brauer varieties [20]. We provide an easy uniform axiomatization of these geometries and related ones,…

This text is dedicated to the real Killing equation on 3-dimensional Weyl manifolds. Any manifold admitting a real Killing spinor of weight 0 satisfies the conditions of a Gauduchon-Tod geometry. Conversely, any simply connected Gauduchon-Tod geometry has a 2-dimensional space of solutions of the real Killing equation …

We study the large-scale geometry of 3-manifolds with nontrivial 2-dimensional bounded cohomology, with a view to proving a weak version of the geometrization conjecture for such manifolds.

The paper studies hanging chains and surfaces in degenerate geometries.

Combines non-Euclidean and de Sitter geometries on the plane.

New method to determine if a spray can be Finslerian.

It is proved that the set of geodesic circles in two dimensions may be given a variational description and the explicit form of it is presented. In the limit case of the Euclidean geometry a certain claim of uniqueness of such description is proved. A formal notion of 'spin' force is discovered as a by-product of the v…

Generalised spin structures, or r-spin structures, on a 2-dimensional orbifold Σare r-fold fibrewise connected coverings (also called r-th roots) of its unit tangent bundle STΣ. We investigate such structures on hyperbolic orbifolds. The conditions on r for such structures to exist are given. The action of the diffeomo…

We associate an integrable generalized complex structure to each 2-dimensional symplectic Monge-Ampère equation of divergent type and, using the Gualtieri $\bar{\partial}$ operator, we characterize the conservation laws and the generating function of such equation as generalized holomorphic objects.

Study properties of null string congruences in complex and real pseudo-Riemannian spaces.

We use Cartan's method of moving frames to compute a complete set of local invariants for nondegenerate, 2-dimensional centroaffine surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^5 \setminus \{0\}$ with nondegenerate centroaffine metric. We then give a complete classification of all homogeneous centroaffine surfaces in this class.

Study of 2D self-shrinkers in 3D space without polynomial volume growth.

Generalized Kahler geometry is the natural analogue of Kahler geometry, in the context of generalized complex geometry. Just as we may require a complex structure to be compatible with a Riemannian metric in a way which gives rise to a symplectic form, we may require a generalized complex structure to be compatible wit…

The paper explains how to draw 3D pictures of 5D manifolds.

Enhances conformal geometry in higher dimensions with infinite-dimensional algebra.

Arboricity of manifolds is explored, with specific results for 2D surfaces.

The purpose of this article is to view Penrose rhombus tilings from the perspective of symplectic geometry. We show that each thick rhombus in such a tiling can be naturally associated to a highly singular 4-dimensional compact symplectic space, while each thin rhombus can be associated to another such space; both spac…

Geometric correspondence between spinors and horospheres in hyperbolic space.

We construct a 2-dimensional twisted nonabelian multiplicative integral. This is done in the context of a Lie crossed module (an object composed of two Lie groups interacting), and a pointed manifold. The integrand is a connection-curvature pair, that consists of a Lie algebra valued 1-form and a Lie algebra valued 2-f…

Study on 3D Lie groups' symmetry index, proving positive index for all.

We describe a hyperbolic version of the Ambartzumian-Pleijel identity. We use this identity to prove the hyperbolic Crofton formula and the hyperbolic isoperimetric inequality. This identity also provides a way to compute the chord length distribution for an ideal polygon in the hyperbolic plane. The analogous results …

In this paper we study the Sasakian geometry on S^3-bundles over a Riemann surface of genus g>0 with emphasis on extremal Sasaki metrics. We prove the existence of a countably infinite number of inequivalent contact structures on the total space of such bundles that admit 2-dimensional Sasaki cones each with a Sasaki m…

There are only some exceptional CR dimensions and codimensions such that the geometries enjoy a discrete classification of the pointwise types of the homogeneous models. The cases of CR dimensions $n$ and codimensions $n^2$ are among the very few possibilities of the so called parabolic geometries. Indeed, the homogene…

3D analog of Whitney's planarity criterion for 2-complexes.

We investigate the SL(2,R) invariant geodesic curves with the as- sociated invariant distance function in parabolic geometry. Parabolic geom- etry naturally occurs in the study of SL(2,R) and is placed in between the elliptic and the hyperbolic (also known as the Lobachevsky half-plane and 2- dimensional Minkowski half…

An almost-Riemannian structure on a surface is a generalized Riemannian structure whose local orthonormal frames are given by Lie bracket generating pairs of vector fields that can become collinear. The distribution generated locally by orthonormal frames has maximal rank at almost every point of the surface, but in ge…

By using the geometric concept of PDEs with prescribed curvature representations, we show that the 1+2 dimensional Landau-Lifshitz equation is gauge equivalent to a 1+2 dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger-type system. From the nonlinear Schrödinger-type system, we construct blowing up $H^3({\bf R}^2)$-solutions to the 1+…

We explore a natural generalization of systolic geometry to Finsler metrics and optical hypersurfaces with special emphasis on its relation to the Mahler conjecture and the geometry of numbers. In particular, we show that if an optical hypersurface of contact type in the cotangent bundle of the 2-dimensional torus encl…

In this paper, by combining modular forms and characteristic forms, we obtain general anomaly cancellation formulas of any dimension. For $4k+2$ dimensional manifolds, our results include the gravitational anomaly cancellation formulas of Alvarez-Gaumé and Witten in dimensions 2, 6 and 10 (\cite{AW}) as special cases. …

Investigates the vertex curve of smooth surfaces in 3D space, connecting geometry and image analysis.

We consider an embedding of a $2$-dimensional CW complex into the $3$-sphere, and construct it's dual graph. Then we obtain a homogeneous system of linear equations from the $2$-dimensional CW complex in the first homology group of the complement of the dual graph. By checking that the homogeneous system of linear equa…

We characterize subgroups of the mapping class group that stabilize a Teichmueller disk in terms of ellipses and strips that are immersed in the associated translation surface. In particular, we show that the space of immersed ellipses/strips that meet at least three cone points is naturally a (non-manifold) 2-dimensio…

Study of 2D Teichmüller spaces of surfaces with boundary.

In this paper we consider the isoptic curves on the 2-dimensional geometries of constant curvature $\bE^2,~\bH^2,~\cE^2$. The topic is widely investigated in the Euclidean plane $\bE^2$ see for example \cite{CMM91} and \cite{Wi} and the references given there, but in the hyperbolic and elliptic plane there are few resu…

We show that on any compact Riemann surface with variable negative curvature there exists a measure which is invariant and ergodic under the geodesic flow and whose projection to the base manifold is 2-dimensional and singular with respect to the 2-dimensional Lebesgue measure.

We introduce and study algebraic structures underlying 2-dimensional Homotopy Quantum Field Theories (HQFTs) with arbitrary target spaces. These algebraic structures are formalized in the notion of a twisted Frobenius algebra. Our work generalizes results of Brightwell, Turner, and the second author on 2-dimensional HQ…

The paper introduces toric separable geometries and finds new extremal metrics.

A 2-dimensional braid over an oriented surface-knot $F$ is presented by a graph called a chart on a surface diagram of $F$. We consider 2-dimensional braids obtained by an addition of 1-handles equipped with chart loops. We introduce moves of 1-handles with chart loops, called 1-handle moves, and we investigate how muc…

Proves sufficient condition for 2D orbifolds to be good.

Analyzes 2D polyhedra decompositions into PL collapsible subpolyhedra.

For triangulated surfaces locally embedded in the standard hyperbolic space, we introduce combinatorial Calabi flow as the negative gradient flow of combinatorial Calabi energy. We prove that the flow produces solutions which converge to ZCCP-metric (zero curvature circle packing metric) if the initial energy is small …

I introduce a family of closeness functions between causal Lorentzian geometries of finite volume and arbitrary underlying topology. When points are randomly scattered in a Lorentzian manifold, with uniform density according to the volume element, some information on the topology and metric is encoded in the partial or…

Proves rigidity of geodesic balls in spheres under certain deformations.